Roughly 20% of global gold production comes from "artisanal and small-scale" gold miners, according to a report from the World Gold Council. The segment of miners also generates employment and income for an estimated 20 million workers worldwide, who can earn more money in mining than in other sectors such as fishing, farming or forestry. However, some of these smaller operations are also rife with environmental and social challenges, including the uncontrolled use of mercury, deforestation, water contamination and financial ties to criminal groups.
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