It is estimated that artisanal small scale miners, mostly from poor and vulnerable backgrounds active in gold and diamond sectors constitute more than half of all mineral exploitation in the world. UNEP estimates that 3, 5 million people are at risk of health impacts in artisanal and small scale gold mining sector of which 2, 5 million are in Africa. A research (Global Mercury Project) by the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) which was conducted between 2007 to 2012 revealed that Zimbabwe had an estimated 500 000 artisanal gold miners, the number is expected to have increased over the years.
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