About 20% of the world's gold is produced by the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector. This sector is also responsible for the largest releases of mercury to the environment of any sector globally. A major source of air pollution from mercury, artisanal and small-scale gold mining releases approximately 400 metric tons of airborne elemental mercury each year.
http://www2.epa.gov/international-cooperation/reducing-mercury-pollution-artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining
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