But another type of gold mining known as artisanal gold mining is responsible for the biggest link between gold mining and fish. Artisanal gold mining is the kind of gold mining in which individuals use simple methods like panning in streams or digging make-shift mine shafts. Most artisanal gold miners are people in developing countries who live in conditions of extreme poverty. They generally rely on mercury, a toxic substance, to separate gold from unwanted rock and ore.
Mercury, although naturally occurring, is extremely dangerous to humans. When ingested by pregnant women, it can cause brain damage and other birth defects in newborn babies. Regular exposure to mercury can cause serious health consequences like tremors, weight loss, and personality shifts.
The people most affected by mercury exposure are artisanal gold miners themselves. But mercury pollution is also a very global problem. Mercury is usually released by gold miners as a vapor. It then enters the atmosphere, where it can be carried across great distances and returned to the earth through precipitation. Rivers and streams carry it further, emptying it into lakes and oceans. Fish with elevated mercury levels are then caught and then sold around the world – thereby affecting your sushi.
One recent study found that 84 percent of all fish have unsafe mercury levels. Another study of Manhattan sushi restaurants in 2008 found that the tuna at most restaurants contained so much mercury that eating just six pieces a week could be harmful.
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