The Criminalization of Anti-Mining Social Protest in Peru

In Africa, Asia and Latin America, the development of the mining industry has often been accompanied by violence and community-led social protest. In the presence of fragmented societies and fragile governance structure, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Papua New Guinea and Sierra Leone, mining has fuelled conflicts and civil wars. But even in contexts where democratic institutions are consolidating, such as Indonesia, Peru and South Africa, mining has been a latent attractor for social protest over community rights, fiscal policies and labor and environmental standards.
http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/09/10/peru-mining/