Peru’s social conflict is about more than mining

Unlike the formal
mining sector, artisanal mining operates without environmental or worker protection and uses mercury to process
ore, often resulting in significant environmental damage
(Kuramoto, 2001). Artisanal mining can also lead to social
conflict as it can cause an influx of migrants from poorer
areas, revenues may support illegal activities, and it can
increase tensions between miners and existing title holders and local communities
http://www.fraserinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/fraser-ca/Content/research-news/research/articles/perus-social-conflict-is-about-more-than-mining.pdf