With international gold prices near record highs, artisanal gold mining is an important source of employment in Nicaragua. It is estimated that 35,000 people earn a living from small-scale mining operations. Globally it is estimated that there are 15 million artisanal miners. According to the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) there is no study of the impact of mercury on the environment and health of the workers. Mercury is used in the process of removing gold from gold-bearing rock. Marcello Veiga, a Brazilian, is conducting just such a study for the MEM. Mercury is a highly toxic metal. Veiga said that 1400 tons are used globally in gold mining each year although what portion of that is used by small miners is unknown.
Mercury lost in the mining process contaminates the air, water and ground. Carlos Zarruk, director of mines for the MEM, said the Ministry is trying to develop programs that reduce the amount of mercury waste, but those require investment which the big companies can afford but not the small-scale miners. In Nicaragua, artisanal miners earn about US$25 for each gram of raw gold which sells on the international market for more than twice that amount. Most work in cooperatives that enable them to afford use of some equipment, but even with the high international price most are struggling to feed their families and thus looking for the means to invest in more equipment and mine more gold quicker. Meanwhile mercury pollution rises and the health of miners and their families wanes
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