Amalgamation is a mercury based process which works because of gold’s willingness to be dissolved by mercury. The mercury is applied on an ore, picks up the gold, and the resulting amalgam is distilled, with the mercury being boiled off to remove it. Mercury is highly toxic and therefore environmentally sensitive, making the industrial plant to perform this type of extraction expensive.
http://www.prlog.org/11758846-extraction-and-purification-in-gold-ore-mining.html
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