Heap leaching is really a particularly toxic approach to extract gold from ore. Ore is crushed and piled into heaps and then sprayed with cyanide, an incredibly toxic substance, that seeps by means of the ore and bonds with the gold. The gold-cyanide combo is then shuffled to a mill where the two are chemically separated. The cyanide is then kept in an artificial pond for re-use although the ore waste is piled into an unofficial dam of sorts. These dams usually are not only toxic but very unstable.
http://www.cafemom.com/journals/read/1674696/Eco_Friendly_Jewelry_Certifications_To_Care_About
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