One challenge is formalizing the sector. “Small-scale mining generally occurs in the informal economic sector, but if it’s banned, thousands would be out of work,” Smith said. “We’re looking at the history and impacts of formalization to inform policies that better reflect the reality on the ground.”
Another challenge is reducing the use of mercury to refine gold, which poses health and environmental risks. “It means so much more than just giving engineered technologies to people,” Smith said.
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