The dangers of mercury and, particularly, methylmercury in the environment have been established science for many years and are explicitly recognized in the MEBA. Nonetheless, the act stated that the United States was a net exporter of mercury during the period from 2000 to 2004, exporting 506 MT of elemental mercury more than the nation imported. The MEBA also states that exported elemental mercury found its way into artisanal gold mining conducted in developing countries. In artisanal mining, mercury is mixed with gold-containing materials, forming a mercury-gold amalgam that is then heated, vaporizing the mercury to obtain the gold. The mercury vapors enter the atmosphere, and the methylmercury cycle begins.
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