While two-thirds of the delegates at the negotiations in Punta del Este support wording that would protect human health and the environment, a small group of developed countries are opposing public actions to reduce mercury exposure.
Among them, France, the UK, and the US favour voluntary action plans over mandatory action for artisanal gold mining in the United Nations mercury treaty
Artisanal gold mining in developing countries has been a particular source of controversy, where as much as 95% of all mercury is released into the environment. Also, with more than a third of gold miners being women and children, child gold miners as young as 6 are being exposed to mercury throughout Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Children are the most at risk of developmental problems due to mercury poisoning as are the babies of pregnant women and young mothers. Mercury exposure from artisanal gold mining can cause kidney problems, arthritis, memory loss, miscarriages, psychotic reactions, respiratory failure, irreversible brain damage and death.
Under international human rights law it is considered one of the worst forms of child labor. Mercury pollution is also one of the most serious environmental problems in the world, with two or three ounces of mercury released into the environment for every one ounce of gold extracted from artisanal gold mines.
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